“Kenya is not an American colony!”

That was the chant echoing through Nairobi and other Kenyan cities last week as furious protesters vented their anger at plans for a US-funded isolation ward for Americans exposed to Ebola abroad.

The controversial proposal has sparked fears of Ebola entering a country that has never recorded a single case of the often-fatal disease. The nearest outbreaks are unfolding more than 1,500 miles away in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where Ebola was first detected, and neighboring Uganda.

Critics argue the facility would expose Kenya to risks the United States would not accept on its own soil. Despite a court order halting construction of the ward pending a legal challenge, Kenya’s government — which recently signed a $1.6 billion health deal with the US — has continued to back the project, fueling a public backlash.

President William Ruto defended the decision, saying it would be “very inhuman” for Kenya to reject a US-funded facility after years of receiving American aid.

However, Ruto’s former deputy, Rigathi Gachagua, who was impeached in 2024, told CNN the plan revealed double standards on the part of the US and should be resisted.

“We find it unpalatable that if Americans are not willing to take care of their own patients in their own country because it’s risky to the rest of the population, the Americans will decide that that can be done in Kenya,” said Gachagua. “We find it unfair, we find it a double standard, and we are totally opposed to it.”

The controversy reflects a wider trend across Africa, where countries are increasingly pushing back against what critics describe as Washington’s transactional approach under President Donald Trump and deals seen as favoring US interests.

From aid to deals

Much of that pushback stems from changes in Washington’s approach to Africa.

On his return to office last year, Trump paused almost all foreign aid and scrapped thousands of aid contracts. The move marked the beginning of the dismantlement of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), cutting vital health and humanitarian funding worldwide — including in Africa, one of the largest recipients of US assistance.

Members of the pharmacology department take inventory of the last boxes of drugs delivered by the now-dismantled US Agency for International Development (USAID) at Lodwar County Referral Hospital on April 1, 2025.

For decades, US funding supported the fight against HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis across the continent. Now, those programs are being replaced by Trump’s “America First Global Health Strategy,” which prioritizes direct deals with individual countries. Washington says the goal is to reduce aid dependence while advancing US interests.

But as aid gives way to dealmaking, questions are growing about what African countries are expected to offer in return.

Health aid with strings attached

The US has signed new health agreements with at least 16 African countries, but some have stalled due to disagreements over their terms.